1 Platform Overview

The platform designed in this paper (i.e., the New Energy Cellular Network Integrated Information Acquisition Platform) has two main design and implementation objectives. Firstly, data collection, organization, and visualization of physical objects are realized. For example, second-level data of inverters is collected in real time to generate hourly data, and photovoltaic power generation is calculated. Meanwhile, physical object control functions are added, such as adjusting battery charging and discharging power and base station transmission power, thereby achieving the integration of heterogeneous device control. Secondly, the embedding of simulation algorithms is supported, and simulation results are presented in a variety of ways through different measurement indicators, including 2D floor plans, bar charts, line charts, etc., to facilitate intuitive display and comparison of results from different optimization algorithms.

The development of the platform stems from the practical need to collect and store data from new energy cellular network systems (base stations + photovoltaic equipment, including photovoltaic panels, inverters, and energy storage batteries). The system communicates through WiFi modules and switches: base stations use switches, and inverters use RS485-to-WiFi modules. The system structure diagram is as follows:

Figure 1 Equipment Structure Diagram

2 Analysis of Core Functional Requirement

The overall design of the platform revolves around two main requirements: photovoltaic data collection and management, and simulation parameter setting and result display. These requirements ensure the efficient operation of the platform and support the simulation and actual control of new energy cellular networks.

2.1 Photovoltaic Data Collection,Storage,Display,and Export

This is the core function of the platform, mainly involving the collection of data from photovoltaic equipment and base stations. Through WiFi/Ethernet interfaces, communication is conducted with switches and inverters equipped with RS485-to-WiFi modules using the TCP protocol. During development, existing tool library functions are used to encapsulate data collection, verification, and conversion processes, forming reusable library functions for subsequent operations.

Data storage relies on a well-designed database and its operations. Some data (such as aggregated indicators) cannot be directly obtained from real-time collection and require the storage of real-time data first, followed by aggregation processing.

Data display is divided into dynamic data and historical data:

Dynamic data (such as inverter active power, battery capacity): Emphasis is placed on stable acquisition and low latency. Line charts are used to display fluctuation trends over a period of time, facilitating users to observe real-time changes.

Historical data (such as cumulative photovoltaic power generation): Displayed in tabular form by time, with export functionality supported for convenient offline use by users

2.2 Simulation Parameter Setting and Result Display

The simulation module focuses on the simulation of new energy cellular networks, and the results mainly reflect the access relationship between users and base stations. Factors involved include the spatial positions of base stations/users, photovoltaic energy, user signal-to-noise ratio, etc. To unify the inputs of different algorithms, the concept of "virtual scenario" is introduced, which is divided into a spatial dimension (a 1km×1km square area with distributed base stations and users) and a temporal dimension (simulation at each hour of 24 hours, considering changes in photovoltaic energy and user quantity). It is assumed by default that all users can access base stations, and the final results display the positions of base stations/users and their matching relationships.

Simulation parameters are derived from a database dedicated to temporary storage, which supports frequent addition, deletion, modification, and query operations. Basic parameters (such as position, photovoltaic data) need to be provided in the form of NumPy arrays. Therefore, functions need to be written, including position generation algorithms, photovoltaic data generation algorithms, and evaluation index calculation functions, which are then encapsulated. Optimization results are stored in a unified data structure to ensure the comparability of different algorithms and facilitate unified display on the front end.

Result display adopts the forms of 2D graphs (presenting access algorithm results) and statistical graphs (highlighting algorithm differences).

3 Simulation Algorithm Interface and Functions

3.1 Scenario Simulation Parameter Setting

The interface is accessed after login. The top navigation bar displays platform information, user name, role, time, and a logout button. The left sidebar guides function switching.

The interface is divided into left and right parts: the upper left bar sets global parameters (number of virtual base stations, distribution algorithm, access method, optimization algorithm); the lower left bar sets simulation parameters (carbon emission factor, noise power). The right part adjusts individual base station parameters (select a base station for update). Initially: Base Station 1 is a macro base station (high power/bandwidth/power consumption), and the others are micro base stations. Click to view the virtual scenario status to display all base station parameters.

Figure 2 Scenario Simulation Setting Interface

Figure 3 Virtual Scenario Status Display

3.2 Cellular Network Simulation Interface

The interface displays the positions of base stations and users on a 1km×1km plane in the form of a 2D graph. Object information can be viewed by mouse hover: users display coordinates, SNR, and channel status; base stations display coordinates (no power consumption information before simulation).

Figure 4 Cellular Network Simulation Interface Before Simulation

Call up the right floating bar and click "Start Simulation" to run. After completion, click on base stations/users to display association relationships (directed arrows). The time axis supports selection of different moments viewing.

Figure 5 Cellular Network Simulation Interface After Simulation

3.3 Simulation Result Display Interface

Statistical graphs such as bar charts, pie charts, and line charts are used to compare evaluation indicators in the temporal dimension. Three scenarios are compared: association optimization + base station dormancy, user association only, and base station dormancy only. The interface supports scrolling viewing; data is dynamically updated and changes over time. Click "Clear All Data" to reset.

Upper interface: Comparison of municipal electricity consumption in the network and pie chart of power structure. Analysis: During periods of strong photovoltaic energy (11:00-13:00), municipal electricity consumption is the lowest, even zero. Overall, photovoltaic energy can account for up to 50%, achieving energy conservation and emission reduction.

Figure 6 Upper Part of Simulation Result Display Interface

Lower interface: Bar chart of base station carbon efficiency and line chart of photovoltaic absorption capacity. Analysis: Association optimization + base station dormancy achieves the best carbon efficiency; the photovoltaic absorption rate is the lowest during energy surplus (11:00-13:00).

Figure 7 Lower Part of Simulation Result Display Interface

4 Photovoltaic Equipment Control and Data Collect

4.1 Photovoltaic Base Station Control Interface

Base station setting parameters (such as uplink bandwidth, transmit power, sleep mode/time) and inverter control parameters (such as charging and discharging power) are displayed. Adjustments are made by users via input boxes, drop-down boxes, or switches.

Figure 8 Parameter Setting of Photovoltaic Base Station Control Interface

Scroll down to the data collection area: Click "Start Photovoltaic Data Collection" or "Start Base Station Data Collection" to obtain second-level data; click "Get Base Station Status" to view current parameters. The data is subsequently displayed through the viewing function.

Figure 9 Data Collection of Photovoltaic Base Station Control Interface

4.2 Physical Data Viewing Interface

Real-time data of photovoltaic systems and base stations can be viewed. Click "Start Connection" to display dynamic data; the curve chart below shows historical trends to assist in analyzing changes.

Figure 10 Data Display of Physical Data Viewing Interface